Antibiotics

6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is the central component of penicillin β-lactam antibiotics which are generated by Penicillium. 6-APA forms from penicillin G after being catalyzed by penicillin acylases. This compound can be used to create semi-synthetic antibiotics that are effective against non-penicillinase forming bacterium, such as Streptococcus and some Staphylococcus.

6-APA is used as precursor for antibiotic compounds ampicillin and amoxicillin. Antibiotic synthesis of 6-APA can be augmented with a supersaturated solution of nucleophiles. Other methods for enhancing effectiveness involves diminishing ionic strength in a reaction mixture along with the addition of 2-butanol. Implementing a pH gradient starting at pH 7 and reducing the pH to 6.5 near reaction completion can greatly increase reaction output.

Actinomycin D is an antineoplastic antibiotic from Streptomyces species that inhibits cell proliferation by acting as a cytotoxic inducer of apoptosis against tumor cells, binding to DNA and inhibiting RNA polymerase activity. Actinomycin is also used in plant tissue culture to inhibit plant growth through tissue deformation where it also acts as an RNA-synthesis inhibitor. Along with its fluorescent derivative, 7aminoactinomycinD (7-AAD), Actinomycin is used to stain GC-rich regions of DNA for microscopy and flow cytometry applications.

Amikacin hydrate is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a variety of enteric species. It is also effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Amikacin hydrate is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Amikacin sulfate (disulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a variety of enteric species. It is also effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Amikacin sulfate is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum ß-lactam antibiotic with a structure similar to that of ampicillin. It is effective against a variety of ß-lactamase negative bacteria including E. coli and various Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria. It is also effective against a variety of other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Amoxicillin sodium salt is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum ß-lactam antibiotic with a structure similar to that of ampicillin. It is effective against a variety of ß-lactamase negative bacteria including E. coli and various Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria. It is also effective against a variety of other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate combines an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic with a β-lactamase inhibitor. Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum ß-lactam antibiotic with a structure similar to that of ampicillin. It is effective against a variety of ß-lactamase negative bacteria including E. coli and various Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria; however, when combined with clavulanic acid, ß-lactamase enzymes are irreversibly inactivated. Consequently, amoxicillin/clavulanate is effective against ß-lactamase-negative and ß-lactamase-positive bacteria.

Ampicillin sodium is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin Sodium is freely soluble in water.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

The Ampicillin (Sodium) EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile ampicillin (sodium) solution. The kit includes pre-weighed ampicillin (sodium) powder, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H₂O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio ampicillin (sodium) and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or other appropriate use.

Ampicillin sodium is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin Sodium is freely soluble in water.

Ampicillin is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation.

Ampicillin is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin trihydrate is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in 1N HCl.

Ampicillin/sulbactam (2:1) is a broad-spectrum combination of a β-lactam antibiotic with a β-lactamase inhibitor. It is used for in vitro susceptibility tests in microbiology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies.

Ampicillin binds to the active site of penicillin binding proteins (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan cross-link formation of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of PBPs weakens the bacterial cell wall and leads to cell lysis. Sulbactam irreversibly inhibits β-lactamase enzymes generated by bacteria, preserving ampicillin activity and enhancing potency.

Apramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic useful against gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella species. It is used to study antibiotic resistance and protein synthesis translocation inhibition. Apramycin sulfate is freely soluble.

Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic similar in structure to erythromycin. It is effective against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It has also displayed efficacy against certain Mycoplasma species. Azithromycin also exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Azithromycin dihydrate is slightly soluble in aqueous solution.

Macrolide antibiotics are composed of a macrocyclic lactone ring attached to one or more deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by irreversibly binding the P site of the 50s ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation and translocation.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Azlocillin is an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic derived from ampicillin. It is useful against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, H. influenzae, and a variety of other gram-negative species. It has also been used to develop antibiotic counting techniques. Azlocillin sodium is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Aztreonam is a monobactam β-lactam antibiotic whose structure contains only a single ring. Its unique ring structure makes it resistant to β-lactamases. Aztreonam is effective against gram-negative bacteria and is an economical antibiotic commonly used in plant tissue culture applications and against P. aeruginosa.

Aztreonam solubilized is blend of aztreonam and 42-45% L-Arginine, making the product freely soluble in water. Aztreonam is a monobactam β-lactam antibiotic whose structure contains only a single ring. Its unique ring structure makes it resistant to β-lactamases. Aztreonam is effective against gram-negative bacteria and is an economical antibiotic commonly used in plant tissue culture applications and against P. aeruginosa.

Bacitrac99 is the most pure form of bacitracin available, and should be used for the most sensitive applications and on the most sensitive cell lines since any impurities that might cause inhibition of resistant cell lines have been removed. In general, our USP Grade bacitracin will not adversely affect your cells and is suitable for most experiments.

Bacitracin is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic isolated from Bacillus subtilis. It is made up of a variety of antimicrobial peptide fractions including A, A1, B, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, and X. This standard grade product is a mixture of these fractions, with bacitracin A exhibiting the most potent antimicrobial activity. Bacitracins B1 and B2 exhibit about 90% of the antimicrobial activity of bacitracin A when together. Other forms of bacitracin have not been studied extensively, but may have negligible antimicrobial properties.

Bacitracin targets the cell wall of gram-positive organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacitracin also functions as a useful tool to distinguish between group A and group B β-hemolytic Streptococcus species, which are susceptible and resistant, respectively.

Bacitracin is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic isolated from Bacillus subtilis. It is made up of a variety of antimicrobial peptide fractions including A, A1, B, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, and X. This standard grade product is a mixture of these fractions, with bacitracin A exhibiting the most potent antimicrobial activity. Bacitracins B1 and B2 exhibit about 90% of the antimicrobial activity of bacitracin A when together. Other forms of bacitracin have not been studied extensively, but may have negligible antimicrobial properties. Bacitracin is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Bacitracin targets the cell wall of gram-positive organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacitracin also functions as a useful tool to distinguish between group A and group B β-hemolytic Streptococcus species, which are susceptible and resistant, respectively.