H_Products

2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is a 2-hydroxy fatty acid consisting of a C16 chain with a hydroxyl substituent at position 2. This metabolite is considered a saturated long-chain fatty acid due to its straight chain. Consequently, it has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, neuroprotection and defense against bacteria and cancer. 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid can also be used as a surfactant.

Sphingomyelin in the epidermis of murines have displayed the alpha-hydroxypalmitic acid in TLC bands. When murine papillomas were measured for the substance, it was diminished in SENCAR and SSIN phingomyelin, implying there is a selective process in tumorigenesis which causes hydrolysis of sphingomyelin containing such fatty acids.

In yeast, 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid was seen to increase when fumonisin B1, a compound similar to sphingolipds which enhances yeast 2-hydroxy fatty acids, was added to the growth medium.

28-homo-brassinolide is a plant hormone from a class of polyhydroxysteroids that has been shown to have a protective role in plants under various stress situations; showing significant improvement of plant growth, water uptake, photosynthesis and yield. 28-homo-brassinolide has been shown to be the most effective of any of the brassinosteroids in mitigating plant stress effects from natural conditions such as chilling, drought, heat or salinity.

Brassinosteriods are a group of plant hormones that occur naturally in the plant kingdom. They have a variety of physiological roles including cell division and elongation, gene regulation, photosynthesis, senescence, enzyme activation and growth.

This matrix is a highly cross-linked 4% agarose bead with a bead size of 50-150 µm. It is a gel filtration resin developed for industrial-scale separation of large molecules and virus particles utilizing higher pressure and flow rates rather than low pressure standard beads.

This matrix is not preactivated. For preactivated resins, look for Glyoxal Agarose Beads or Protein G.

4-hydroxy-2-methylindole is a reagent used for chemical synthesis. It has been used as the starting reagent in the synthesis for prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists and substituted 4h-chromene apoptosis inducers and potential anti-cancer agents.

5-Hydroxyindole is a reagent useful for a variety of preparation procedures, including: preparation of 5-vinyl-3-pyricindecarbonitrices as PKCϴ inhibitors, melanins, indole dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, anthranilic acids, anticancer agents, and tubulin inhibitors.

5-Hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is used in a variety of preparation procedures, including: preparation of oxadiazole analogs as SH2 inhibitors of tyrosine kinase ZAP-70, peptidomimetic inhibitors of signal transducers and Stat3 activators, 5-hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid amides as histamine-3 receptor inverse agonists, melanins, and anticancer agents. Upon oxidation with KMnO₄, 5-hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid yields pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid.

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is the primary serotonin metabolite and a biomarker researched for its implication in intestinal carcinoid syndrome. Additionally, 5-HIAA has been shown to be increased in diseases such as Celiac disease and Whipple disease.

This matrix is a highly crosslinked 6% agarose bead with a bead size of 50-150 µm. It is a gel filtration resin developed for industrial-scale separation of large molecules and virus particles utilizing higher pressure and flow rates rather than low pressure Standard Beads.

This matrix is not preactivated. For preactivated resins, look for Glyoxal Agarose Beads or Protein G.

6-Hydroxyindole is used in the preparation of a variety of biochemical compounds, including: tryptophan dioxygenase inhibitors, anti-tuberculosis agents, HIV inhibitors, anticancer agents, tubulin polymerization inhibitors, and notoamide J.

7-Hydroxyflavone is a reagent used in chemical synthesis. It has been used to synthesize phosphorylated flavones used in cholesterol esterase inhibitors in the pancreas and alpha-1-adrenoceptor antagonists via polymethylene chain linkage.

8-Hydroxyquinoline is an organic compound that is used as a RNA inhibitor, anti-cancer agent and bidentate chelating agent. In vitro studies against Escherichia coli had shown 8-hydroxyquinoline inhibiting RNA polymerase activity. The enzyme’s activity was inhibited by chelating manganese, magnesium or zinc cofactors. Activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline toward RNA polymerase is broad and inhibits the synthesis of vertebrate RNA as well as proteins.

8-Hydroxyquinoline has also been used as an immobile chelating agent to remove transition metals, alkali and alkaline cations from solutions or within organisms. Its capability to bind the positively charged metals has been shown in vivo to inhibit proteasome activity in tumor cells by transporting copper ions into malignant cells. Halting proteasome activity was observed in vitro and in vivo with decreased cancer growth due to apoptosis.

8-Hydroxyquinoline-β-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for β-D-galactosidase, yielding a brown precipitate upon cleavage.

8-Hydroxyquinoline-β-D-glucuronic acid is a substrate for detection of β-D-glucuronidase which yields a brown precipitate upon cleavage and is used for E. coli detection.

FGF1 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. Also called FGF-acidic or aFGF, FGF1 lacks signal peptides and is believed to be secreted by a nonclassical mechanism. It has been detected in large amounts in the brain and is expressed in hepatocyte cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, CNS neurons, skeletal muscle cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, intestinal columnar epithelial cells, and pituitary basophils and acidophils. FGF1 exhibits considerable species cross-reactivity and stimulates the proliferation of cells of mesodermal origin, as well as many cells of neuroectodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal origin. It is most closely associated with FGF2 (bFGF) (see additional information).

AREG (Amphiregulin) is an EGF related growth factor containing 6 conserved cysteine residues, which form 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It was originally isolated from the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and is expressed in numerous carcinoma cell lines, as well as the epithelial cells of various human tissues including colon, stomach, breast, ovary, and kidney. AREG participates in autocrine signaling and binds to an EGF/TGF-α receptor, stimulating growth of keratinocytes, epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. It also inhibits the growth of certain carcinoma cell lines. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and the ectodomain is cleaved by a protease to release the mature protein. Overexpression of AREG produces a cutaneous phenotype resembling psoriasis.

FGF2 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family of proteins. It is often called FGF-basic or bFGF. FGF2 is a single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in wound healing, it is a potent inducer of angiogenesis and it is essential for the growth of many stem and progenitor cells. FGF2 shares a 55% amino acid residue identity with FGF1 and interacts with heparin sulfate with nanomolar affinity. It is a potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types. FGF2 activates mesenchymal splice variants of FGF receptors (c splice variants) and also activates FGF Receptor 1b, but has little activity against FGFR2b or FGFR3b. It is most closely associated with FGF1 (aFGF).

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. BMP2 is a potent osteoinductive cytokine, capable of inducing bone and cartilage formation in association with osteoconductive carriers such as collagen and synthetic hydroxyapatite. In addition, BMP2 plays an important role in cardiac morphogenesis and is expressed in a variety of tissues; including the lung, spleen, brain, liver, prostate, ovary and small intestine. The functional form of BMP2 is a 26kDa protein composed of two identical 115 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond.

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder. Purified and tested for use in cell culture.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. BMP7 is one of at least 15 structurally and functionally related BMPs, originally identified as protein regulators of cartilage and bone formation which have since been shown to be involved in embryogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs. BMPs have been shown to regulate the growth, differentiation, chemotaxis and apoptosis of a variety of cell types; including mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells and neuronal cells. The active form of BMP7 can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related BMPs. BMP7 is expressed highest in the kidneys and is genetically linked in mice to eye, skeletal and kidney development.

BTC (Betacellulin) is an EGF related growth factor containing 6 conserved cysteine residues, which form 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It was originally isolated from the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and it is expressed in most tissues including kidney, uterus, liver and pancreas. BTC is also present in body fluids, including serum, milk, and colostrum. BTC is a ligand for the receptors erbB1 and erbB4. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and the ectodomain is cleaved by a protease to release the mature protein. BTC exhibits mitogenic activity for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It also exhibits growth-promoting activity that is similar to that of EGF.