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GoldBio’s GV3101 Agrobacterium electrocompetent cells are a powerful tool for high efficiency transformation of plants. The GV3101 strain is optimized for cDNA and gDNA library construction, and possesses resistance to rifampicin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The T-DNA region of the GV3101 Ti plasmid has been deleted, but restoration of the binary vector T-region can fully enable T-DNA binary system function.

The presence of the pSoup helper plasmid is required for the replication of pGreen, 62SK, and pGs2 series plasmids, and also helps with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of dicotyledonous plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, and potato, as well as monocotyledonous plants such as corn.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: ElectroCompetent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: GV3101 (pSoup)
Transformation efficiency: ≥8 x 10⁷ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No

GoldBio’s GV3101 competent Agrobacterium cells are a highly efficient tool for genetic transformation of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, potato, and corn. These cells carry the nopaline-type Ti plasmid pMP90 (pTiC58DT-DNA) that contains the vir genes required for the transfer and integration of T-DNA into the plant genome. Additionally, the cells are resistant to rifampicin, gentamicin, and tetracycline, which allows for selection of transformed cells.

The pSoup plasmid carried by the cells is required for the replication of pGreen, 62SK, and pGs2 series plasmids. The p19 protein is derived from tomato bush dwarf virus and further improves the stability of heterologous gene transcripts by inhibiting RNA silencing of foreign genes. These combined properties make GV3101 competent Agrobacterium cells an ideal choice for cDNA or gDNA library construction and the generation of transgenic plants with desirable traits.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: Chemically Competent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: GV3101 (pSoup-P19)
Transformation efficiency: ≥3 x 10³ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No

GoldBio’s GV3101 electrocompetent Agrobacterium cells are a highly efficient tool for genetic transformation of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, potato, and corn. These cells carry the nopaline-type Ti plasmid pMP90 (pTiC58DT-DNA) that contains the vir genes required for the transfer and integration of T-DNA into the plant genome. Additionally, the cells are resistant to rifampicin, gentamicin, and tetracycline, which allows for selection of transformed cells.

The pSoup plasmid carried by the cells is required for the replication of pGreen, 62SK, and pGs2 series plasmids. The p19 protein is derived from tomato bush dwarf virus and improves the stability of heterologous gene transcripts by inhibiting RNA silencing of foreign genes. These combined properties make GV3101 electrocompetent Agrobacterium cells an ideal choice for cDNA or gDNA library construction and the generation of transgenic plants with desirable traits.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: ElectroCompetent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: GV3101 (pSoup-P19)
Transformation efficiency: ≥1 x 10⁸ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No

GoldBio’s GV3101 Agrobacterium chemically competent cells allow you to obtain high transformation efficiency in applications such as gDNA or cDNA library construction. Our GV3101 strain harbors the C58 chromosomal backbone containing rifampicin resistance and the Ti plasmid pMP90 (pTiC58DT-DNA) harboring the gentamicin resistance. A functional T-DNA binary system can be built using our GV3101 strains as the T-DNA region has been deleted in the Ti plasmid and instead has a binary vector containing the missing T-region. The binary system makes possible to transfer genetic material into a host plant’s genome. Our system is often used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in mono and dicotyledonous species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, potato, soybeans and corn.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: Chemically Competent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: GV3101
Transformation efficiency: ≥6 x 10⁴ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No

GoldBio’s GV3101 Agrobacterium Electrocompetent Cells allow you to obtain high transformation efficiency in applications such as gDNA or cDNA library construction. Our GV3101 strain harbors the C58 chromosomal backbone containing rifampicin resistance and the Ti plasmid pMP90 (pTiC58DT-DNA) harboring the gentamicin resistance. A functional T-DNA binary system can be built using our GV3101 strains as the T-DNA region has been deleted from the Ti plasmid and instead has a binary vector containing the missing T-region. The binary system makes possible to transfer genetic material into a host plant’s genome. Our system is often used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in mono and dicotyledonous species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, potato, soybeans and corn.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: ElectroCompetent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: GV3101
Transformation efficiency: ≥2 x 10⁸ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious, and potentially fatal, human disease that causes serious liver disease. There are three start codons on the Gene S HBV surface protein antigen (HBsAg) that divide the gene into three sections: pre-S1, pre-S2, and S. These start sites create three carboxyl, coterminal polypeptides that are called large (LHB, the order from surface to the inside: pre-S1, pre-S2, and S), middle (MHB, containing the pre-S2 and S portion) and small (SHB, covering only the S portion). The pre-S1 amino acid region of LHBs consists of 119 amino acids and has been shown to interact with its human binding partner, γ2-adaptin, to subvert the membrane-trafficking apparatus to mediate virion export. HBsAg-PreS1 can be used for Immunochromatography, monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparation or for ELISA analysis.

Ficin is a cysteine protease enzyme which is derived from the latex of fig trees with activity similar to other cysteine protease enzymes including endopeptidases, aminopeptidases, and dipeptidyl peptidases. Ficin cleaves mouse immunoglobulin G molecules (IgG1) in the hinge region. The concentration of cysteine changes how ficin cleaves IgG1. A F(ab’)2 fragment is formed in the presence of 1mM cysteine. The F(ab’)2 fragments are smaller than whole IgG molecules and better penetrate tissue for antigen recognition while avoiding unspecific binding to Fc receptors. In the presence of 10mM cysteine, two 2 Fab fragments are produced instead. F(ab) fragments block background from primary antibody binding, and block endogenous and exposed immunoglobulins and tissues in labeling experiments.

Immobilized Ficin Agarose Resin offers a convenient solution to the production of F(ab’)2 and Fab fragments while eliminating autolysis and protease contamination and the need to remove the enzymes following digestion. Fab and F(ab’)2 can be further separated from whole IgG with either Protein A Agarose Resin (GoldBio Product # P-400) or ion exchange chromatography.

Activity:1-1.5 mg ficin/ml of resin

Support: 6% Cross-linked Agarose

Storage/Handling: Shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store at 4°C, do NOT freeze.

Papain is a cysteine protease enzyme from papaya latex that has a wide variety of activities including endopeptidases, aminopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases and enzymes with both exo- and endo-peptidase activity. In particular, papain cleaves immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules near the hinge region of the antibody, resulting in three similar, ~50 kDa, fragments; an Fc domain and two monovalent Fab domains. This papain-digested antibody is therefore unable to promote agglutination, precipitation, opsonization or lysis. The Fc fragment can then be used to determine the specificity of the Fc receptors without any typical antigen binging interference while the Fab fragments can be used in immunohistochemical studies.

Pepsin, one of the principal digestion enzymes, breaks down proteins in to smaller peptides. It is most efficient in cleaving the peptide bonds between hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine. Pepsin readily cleaves immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, generating F(ab’)2 fragments and small Fc peptide fragments. The smaller Fc fragments can be easily removed via gel filtration while the F(ab’)2 fragments can then be purified from any remaining, undigested IgG. The F(ab’)2 fragments are highly useful for research interests, being able to penetrate tissue better than standard IgG antibodies and facilitate better antigen recognition while avoiding unspecific binding to Fc receptors.

Immobilized Pepsin Agarose Resin is an efficient method for producing F(ab’)2 fragments from IgG molecules for antibody mimetic. Undigested IgG can be quickly removed with our Protein A Agarose Resin (GoldBio Catalog # P-400). Fc fragments can also be removed using a gel filtration system.

Resin: 6% Cross-linked Agarose

Shipping/Handling: Shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store at 4°C, do NOT freeze.

Pepstatin A is a competitive, reversible aspartic protease inhibitor which inhibits proteases such as pepsin, chymosin, renin, HIV proteases, and cathepsins D and E. Peptstatin A is highly selective and is often used in a mixture with other enzyme inhibitors. In vitro studies have shown pepstatin A is the only aspartic acid inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory effects on HIV proteases.

Trypsin is a serine protease that hydrolyses proteins which can be found in the digestive system. Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxy side of s-aminoethyl cysteine, arginine and lysine residues with very little or no cleavage at lysyl-proline and arginyl-proline bonds. This special cleaving activity yields peptides that are easily identified by mass spectrometry. Additionally, our Immobilized Trypsin is TPCK treated to deactivate interfering chymotrypsin, which can interfere with sequence analysis.

H-Ala-pNAHCl is a substrate for L-alanine aminopeptidase, which is an enzyme that is localized in bacterial cell walls responsible for the cleavage of L-alanine from various peptides. Significant L-alanine aminopeptidase activity is specific to gram-negative microbes. Therefore, H-Ala-pNAHCl can be used in support of evidence that an organism is gram-positive or gram-negative. It is split by L-alanine aminopeptide into L-alanine and 4-nitroanine. The latter compound causes bacterial suspensions to turn yellow.

H-Ala-AMCTFA (L-Alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, trifluoroacetate salt) is a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase that yields a blue fluorescent solution. This substrate is useful in differentiating between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

L-Albizziine is a white to slightly off-white crystalline powder that is used as a competitive inhibitor of asparagine synthetase in mammalian cells. It can also be used as an inhibitor of both glutamate synthase in ectomycorrhizal fungal isolates, and glutamine metabolism in microbes.

L-Arabinose is an arabinose isomer widely found in nature, while D-arabinose is less common. L-Arabinose is a constituent of many biopolymers that make up plant cell walls.

This monosaccharide is often used in cell culture media, serving as a bacterial carbon source, and can be used to distinguish between bacteria based on their fermentation abilities.

L-Arabinose, in the absence of glucose, induces transcription of the ara operon in E. coli that encodes L-arabinose catabolizing enzymes. It does this by binding to the AraC protein and activating the P_BAD promoter. The P_BAD promoter is used in plasmid vectors as a switch for protein expression that can be turned on by L-arabinose or turned off by addition of glucose.

L-Arabitol is the reduced alcohol form of L-arabinose. It is produced by some fungus from enzymatic reduction of L-arabinose. L-Arabitol is metabolized by a variety of different bacteria and fungus utilizing an arabitol dehydrogenase enzyme. Arabitol dehydrogenase genes have been introduced into plants to serve as a positive selection marker for transgenic cells. L-Arabitol has been shown to be an inducer of a hydrolytic xylanase enzyme used for catabolism of L-xylose in the saprophytic fungus Hypocrea jecorina.

Arginine is an essential amino acid found in food and plant sources, and many biological systems and is one of only 3 amino acids with basic side chains. Arginine is typically classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid. Administered intravenously, Arginine has been shown to stimulate the secretion of human growth hormone and is frequently used in growth hormone stimulation tests. L-Arginine is a substrate of nitric oxide synthase, which is converted to citrulline and nitric oxide and is known to Induces insulin release by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.

GoldBio’s LBA4404 Agrobacterium chemically competent cells allow you to obtain high transformation efficiency in applications such as gDNA or cDNA library construction. Our LBA4404 strain harbors a rifampicin resistance (rif) gene. Furthermore, LBA4404 has an octoprine-type Ti plasmid pAL4404 without self-transport function, containing the vir genes. Our LBA4404 strain can be used in genetic transformation of tomato, tobacco and other plants.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: Chemical Competent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: LBA4404
Transformation efficiency: ≥1 x 10⁴ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No

GoldBio’s LBA4404 ElectroCompetent Agrobacterium cells allow you to obtain high transformation efficiency in applications such as gDNA or cDNA library construction. Our LBA4404 strain harbor a rifampicin resistance (rif) gene. Furthermore, LBA4404 has an octoprine-type Ti plasmid pAL4404 without self-transport function, containing the vir genes. Our LBA4404 strain can be used in genetic transformation of tomato, tobacco and other plants.

Product Specifications
Competent cell type: ElectroCompetent
Species: A. tumefaciens
Strain: LBA4404
Transformation efficiency: ≥4 x 10⁶ cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA
Blue/white screening: No