H_Products

BTC (Betacellulin) is an EGF related growth factor containing 6 conserved cysteine residues, which form 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It was originally isolated from the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and it is expressed in most tissues including kidney, uterus, liver and pancreas. BTC is also present in body fluids, including serum, milk, and colostrum. BTC is a ligand for the receptors erbB1 and erbB4. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and the ectodomain is cleaved by a protease to release the mature protein. BTC exhibits mitogenic activity for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It also exhibits growth-promoting activity that is similar to that of EGF.

CCL11 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in dermal fibroblasts. Expression of CCL11 is induced by IL1A and TNFA and inhibited by IFNG. It is strongly and selectively chemotactic for eosinophils and induces a calcium flux response in eosinophils; thus it is involved in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL11 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and ACKR2 (D6).

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL13 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Expression of CCL13 is induced by IL6 in primary synovial fibroblasts and activates the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells, contributing to the destruction of joints in rheumatoid arthritis. CCL13 is chemotactic for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It stimulates histamine release from basophils and is a biomarker for asthma. CCL13 is a ligand for CCR2B, CCR3, and the viroceptor M3.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL14 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in plasma at high levels, and in spleen, liver, muscle, gut, and bone marrow tissue at lower levels. CCL14 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and enzyme release in monocytes. It also enhances proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells that express CD34. CCL14 is a ligand for CCR1. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL14 [9-74]. This natural variant causes a change in intracellular calcium levels in and is chemotactic for T-cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. It also inhibits HIV-1 isolates and is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL14 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in plasma at high levels, and in spleen, liver, muscle, gut, and bone marrow tissue at lower levels. CCL14 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and enzyme release in monocytes. It also enhances proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells that express CD34. CCL14 is a ligand for CCR1. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL14 [3-74].

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL15 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It is often proteolytically processed in to smaller chains that are more potent as chemoattractants. CCL15 is expressed in liver, intestine, colon, and lung tissue. It is chemotactic for monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. CCL15 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and a release of enzymes in monocytes. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as CCR3 to an extent. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL15 (25-92) and is 100-fold more potent as a chemoattractant than the non-truncated form. CCL15 (25-92) also plays a role in mediating angiogenesis.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL15 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It is often proteolytically processed in to smaller chains that are more potent as chemoattractants. CCL15 is expressed in liver, intestine, colon, and lung tissue. It is chemotactic for monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. CCL15 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and a release of enzymes in monocytes. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as CCR3 to an extent. CCL15 is most similar in sequence to CCL23.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL16 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed at highest levels in liver tissue and monocytes, and at lower levels in spleen, thymus, and some lymphocytes. Expression of CCL16 is induced by IFNG, LPS, and IL10. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, induces a change in intracellular calcium levels of monocytes, and inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. It is a weak ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR8, and histamine receptor H4.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL17 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in the thymus and lymph nodes and transiently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that have been induced by phytogemagglutinin. It is chemotactic for T-cells and plays a role in T-cell development, trafficking, and activation. CCL17 is a ligand for CCR4, CCR8, and the erythrocyte receptor ACKR1.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL18 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in lung tissues and transiently in alveolar macrophages and follicular dendritic cells induced by IL4, IL10, IL13, LPS, or PMA. Expression of CCL18 is inhibited by IFNG. CCL18 is chemotactic for activated T-lymphocytes, non-activated lymphocytes, and basophils and likely plays a role in initiation of immune responses. It is a ligand for CCR8 and GPER1.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL2 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by monocytes, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, glomerular mesangial cells, osteoblastic cells, and human pulmonary type 2-like epithelial cells. CCl2 expression is induced in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes by PHA, LPS, and IL1. It is chemotactic for monocytes and basophils and plays a role in recruiting macrophages and perpetuating inflammation in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CCl2 is inhibited by insulin’s inhibitory effect on the activity of transcription factor NF-kappa-B. CCl2 is a ligand for CCR2 and CCR4.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL20 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in the liver as well as in lymphocytes, monocytes, and leukemia cells that have been induced by a mediator of inflammation, such as IFNG, IL1B, LPS, or PMA. It is upregulated in psoriasis because of proinflammatory mediators produced in the skin and attracts T lymphocytes to lesions. CCL20 is chemotactic mainly for lymphocytes, but also for granulocytes and immature dendritic cells. It is a ligand for CCR6.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL21 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in high endothelial venules of lymph nodes, as well as tonsils, breast stromal cells, and a variety of other cells. Expression of CCL21 is inhibited by IFNG. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood lymphocytes and plays a major role in initiation and expansion of adaptive immune responses, as well as development of local lymphoid tissue. CCL21 is a ligand for CCR7, as well as CXCR3 and the virorecptor M3.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL22 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in thymus tissue, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Expression of CCL22 is induced by IL4 and IL13 and inhibited by IL10. It is chemotactic for chronically activated T cells and plays a role in trafficking activated T cells. It also plays a role in migration and survival of cells expressing FOXP3 in HTLV1 infection. CCL22 is a ligand for CCR4.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL23 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and endometrial stromal cells. It is also expressed in monocytes after induction with IL1B and IFNG. CCL23 is chemotactic for monocytes and resting T cells and is a suppressor of LPP-CFC myeloid progenitor cells. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as the formyl peptide receptor FPR1.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL24 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed by activated monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 is chemotactic for eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes and is a suppressor of HPP-CFC myeloid progenitor cells. It causes a transient rise in intracellular calcium levels in eosinophils and is implicated in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL24 is a ligand for CCR3.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL25 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed primarily in thymus and small intestine tissue. CCL25 is chemotactic for thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as IgA antibody-secreting cells and is also a suppressor of myeloid progenitor cells. CCL25 is important for selective homing and retention of T cells in the small intestine instead of the colon and is possibly involved in T cell development. CCL25 is a ligand for CCR9 and ACKR4.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL26 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues and expression is induced in vascular endothelial cells by IL4 and IL13. CCL26 is chemotactic for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils and is involved in activation of fibroblasts and eosinophils. CCL26 is a ligand for CCR3 and CX3CR1. It is also a natural antagonist for CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites such as salivary glands and colon and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for eosinophils, resting T cells, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. It also plays a role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!