Inducers & Reducing Agents

Dithioerythritol (DTE) is one of two Cleland's Reagents (along with DTT). The two chemicals are epimers of each other, in which the hydroxyl groups of DTE are in the cis form as opposed to the trans form for DTT.

DTE is a strong reducing agent and is a component of buffers used in protocols for the isolation and purification of proteins.

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is the common name of the more popular of the two Cleland’s Reagents (the other being Dithioerythritol or DTE). DTT is a powerful reducing agent that forms a stable six-membered ring with an internal disulfide bond which is resistant to oxidation. DTT is often used for the following: reducing the disulfide bridge of the cross-linker N,N′-bis(acryloyl) cystamine to break apart the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel, the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins, the prevention of those bonds from forming between cysteine residues and lastly, DTT is often used to reduce thiolated DNA in order to minimize dimerization.

DTT is a nearly 7-fold stronger reduction agent than βME (β-mercaptoethanol) and has a less offensive odor and is less toxic.

Glutathione, Oxidized (GSSG) is the oxidized version of the naturally occurring and very important detoxification agent glutathione (GSH). When used in vivo, GSSG will not remain oxidized, but rather be reduced back to GSH. A ratio of GSH to GSSG can be used to determine the level of oxidative stress that has occurred in cells. When a cell has higher levels of GSSG, then it can be implied that more oxidative stress has occurred within the cell.

IPTG is an analog of galactose that is non-metabolizable and inactivates the lac repressor to induce synthesis of β-galactosidase in E. coli. The expression of cloned genes under the control of the lac operon is induced by IPTG. It is also a substrate for thigalactoside transacetylase and has been reported to induce penicillinase in bacteria.

GoldBio's IPTG EZ Pak™ for 1 M Solution provides a fast, convenient way to prepare a set volume of sterile 1 M IPTG without weighing IPTG, calculating the required amount, or assembling separate filtration supplies.

Each kit contains pre-weighed GoldBio IPTG, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the finished solution. Simply add the specified amount of deionized water, filter the solution, and transfer it to the provided labeled bottle. The resulting sterile 1 M IPTG solution is ready for use.

The EZ Pak™ is available for preparing 10 mL, 50 mL, or 100 mL of 1 M IPTG solution. The 10 mL size includes a syringe filter for sterilization, while the 50 mL and 100 mL sizes are designed for vacuum filtration and require a vacuum manifold. This premeasured format helps simplify routine stock solution preparation and provides a consistent starting concentration between preparations.

Kit Components

• Pre-weighed GoldBio IPTG for preparation of a 1 M solution
• Sterile filtration device
• Sterile labeled container for the finished IPTG solution
• 10 mL EZ Pak™: Includes a syringe filter
• 50 mL and 100 mL EZ Pak™: Includes filtration supplies for vacuum filtration; vacuum manifold required

L-Glutathione is a co-substrate to glutathione transferase found in plants and animals and is involved in the elimination of free radicals resulting from both cellular respiratory and metabolic activities.

TCEP-HCl is an odorless reducing agent suitable for protein applications and in the preparation for electrophoresis. TCEP is water soluble, is stable in a variety of solutions and is particularly useful in the labeling of cysteine residues with maleimides, preventing the cysteines from forming disulfide bonds. As a reducing agent, TCEP has many other desirable features.