Plant hormones (or Phytohormones) are chemicals and signal molecules that affect the growth, formation, development or division of plant cells. All plants cells are capable of producing growth regulator chemicals, as opposed to animals in which specific glands exist in order to produce vital hormones. Plant hormones control seed growth, time of flowering, senescence of leaves and fruits, the direction of tissue growth (whether roots grow down or stems grow up) and many other characteristics. There are five accepted major classes of plant growth regulators: gibberellins (such as Gibberellic Acid 3), auxins (such as IAA, NAA or IBA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (such as Zeatin or Trans Zeatin Riboside), and ethylene, as well as a number of other regulators that do not fit cleanly into these specific classes.
trans-Zeatin is a naturally occurring cytokinin plant growth regulator routinely used in plant tissue culture to induce cell division and shoot formation. trans-zeatin is freely soluble in acetic acid and water.
trans-Zeatin and other cytokinins are used in plant cell culture to stimulate plant cell division and induce shoot formation. Cytokinins have also been shown to help plants better cope with environmental stress.
Zeatin Riboside is the most active and ubiquitous form of the naturally occurring cytokinins. Cytokinins promote cell division, stimulate shoot proliferation, inhibit root formation, slow the aging process, and activate gene expression and metabolic activity in general. In mature plants, natural cytokinin hormone levels are high during maximum growth periods. Concentrations of cytokinin used for horticulture vary between 0.1 to 10 mg/L.
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