Plant Cell Growth Regulators

28-homo-brassinolide is a plant hormone from a class of polyhydroxysteroids that has been shown to have a protective role in plants under various stress situations; showing significant improvement of plant growth, water uptake, photosynthesis and yield. 28-homo-brassinolide has been shown to be the most effective of any of the brassinosteroids in mitigating plant stress effects from natural conditions such as chilling, drought, heat or salinity.

Brassinosteriods are a group of plant hormones that occur naturally in the plant kingdom. They have a variety of physiological roles including cell division and elongation, gene regulation, photosynthesis, senescence, enzyme activation and growth.

4-CPPU is a cytokinin class plant growth regulator that is used to promote plant cell division. This compound has been used to increase embryogenic potential by inducing somatic embryogenesis, assist in plant callus production and investigate effects on plant biomass growth. 4-CPPU has also been shown to stimulate organogenesis in some plant species, such as Rubus.

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes

Abscisic Acid is a naturally occuring plant hormone involved in plant growth and stress response. It is produced partially via the mevalonic pathway in chloroplasts and other plastids. The production of ABA is accentuated by stress, including water loss or freezing temperatures. The activation of ABA can occur by one of two methods: 1) an ABA-glucose ester can form by attachment of glucose to ABA, or 2) the oxidation of ABA can occur to form phaseic acid and dihyhdrophaseic acid.

The transport of ABA can occur in both xylem and phloem tissues, and it can also be translocated through paranchyma cells. Some functions of ABA include stimulating the closure of stomata, Inhibition of shoot growth, induction of seeds to synthesize storage proteins, inhibition of the effect of gibberellins and the induction of gene transcription in response to wounding (especially for proteinase inhibitors).

Amiprophos Methyl is used as antimicrotubule herbicide for the production of double haploid plants from anther-derived maize callus.

Dicamba is benzoic acid derivative that is used as an herbicide of broad-leaf plants. It has specifically been used for plant selection and studying herbicide resistance. Dicamba is a synthetic form of the hormone auxin, a plant growth hormone. By impersonating auxin, dicamba promotes unregulated cell growth which will exhaust a plants resources and ultimately result in cell death.

Epibrassinolide is a plant steroid hormone of the brassinosteroid family. Its functions include protection from environmental stressors and altering the metabolism under a variety of conditions. Epibrassinolide has been shown to decrease toxicity and stimulate healthy plant growth in plants under stress.

Quick-Dissolve™ Gibberellic Acid is a special formulation developed at GoldBio that dissolves more easily in water than standard gibberellic Acid. In our lab, KOH is not required to drive the Quick-Dissolve™ Gibberellic Acid into solution.

Gibberellic Acid 4 + 7 is a growth regulator that acts by stimulating rapid stem and root growth, induces mitotic division in the leaves of some plants and increase seed germination rate.

IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) is the abundant and well known plant hormone of the auxin class. IAA is predominantly produced in the apical bud of and young leaves of plants and is known to be an inducer of cell division and elongation. IAA, as well as most other auxins, are also known to act in concert with, or in opposition to, other plant hormones. For example, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant tissues determines initiation of root versus shoot buds.

IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) is a plant hormone belonging to the auxin family and assists in initiating root formation; the in vitro process is called micropropagation. Aside from accelerating root formation, it is used on various crops to stimulate flower development and the growth of fruits. This ultimately increases crop yields.

Historically, products that contained IBA were used to protect plants during transplantation by stimulating root growth and decreasing shock.

Indole-3-acetyl-L-isoleucine is a conjugate of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and can be used as a plant growth regulator.

Through inhibition of superoxide dismutase, IPA has shown to protect against oxidative damage in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells. IPA has also shown to protect against death caused by exposure to amyloid β-protein in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells.

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE ON HUMANS.

Kinetin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division. It is part of a group of hormones called cytokinins.

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes.

Myo-Inositol is a vitamin added to promote growth in plant cell culture media. It can also be used to differentiate organisms based on metabolic properties. Myo-inositol is a component of membrane phospholipids.

Picloram is a synthetic auxin that is often used in the control of woody plants and broadleaf plants. Auxins typically act in concert with, or in opposition to, other plant hormones. For example, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant tissues determines initiation of root versus shoot buds.

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes.

Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine, in turn, attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division.

Spermidine trihydrochloride is a polyamine that inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and binds and precipitates DNA. It may be used to purify DNA binding proteins. Additionally, spermidine stimulates T4 polynucleotide kinase activity. It is involved in growth, development, and the stress response in plants.

Spermine is a polyamine derived from spermidine. It is involved in the cellular metabolism of all eukaryotic cells, as well as being vital to some bacteria.

Due to its polycationic nature, nonviral gene therapy applications involving spermine have shown promising results. This has had a positive impact in cancer research involving the lungs.

Gene transfer within the lungs is met with many obstacles due to inflammatory and immunological responses. Using spermine as a gene delivery vehicle to transfect living cells has bypassed some of these obstacles, showing higher gene expression.