Interleukins

Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in host defense, acute phase reactions, immune responses and hematopoiesis. IL6 is expressed by a variety of normal and transformed cells including T-cells, B-cells, monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, astrocytes, vascular endothelial cells and various tumor cells. The production of IL6 is upregulated by numerous signals, including mitogenic or antigenic stimulation, LPS, calcium ionophore, IL1, IL2, IFN, TNF, PDGF, and viruses. IL6 expression in monocytes is inhibited by IL4 and IL13.

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Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in host defense by regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Produced by T-cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and keratinocytes, IL6 has diverse biological functions. It stimulates B-cell differentiation and antibody production, synergizes with IL3 in megakaryocyte development and platelet production, induces expression of hepatic acute-phase proteins, and regulates bone metabolism. IL6 signals through the IL6 receptor system that consists of two chains, IL6R alpha and gp130.

Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in host defense by regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Produced by T-cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and keratinocytes, IL6 has diverse biological functions. It stimulates B-cell differentiation and antibody production, synergizes with IL3 in megakaryocyte development and platelet production, induces expression of hepatic acute-phase proteins and regulates bone metabolism. IL6 signals through the IL6 receptor system that consists of two chains: IL6Rα and gp130.

Interleukin-7 (IL7) is encoded by the IL7 gene and secreted by stromal cells in the red marrow and thymus. It binds to the IL7 receptor, a heterodimer consisting of IL7 receptor alpha and IL2 receptor gamma chains. IL7 stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into lymphoid progenitor cells. IL7 can also stimulate the proliferation of B-cells, T cells and NK cells (natural killer cells). Murine IL7 has approximately 61% amino acid sequence identity with human IL7, and both proteins exhibit cross-species activity. IL7 has been examined as an immunotherapy agent in many human clinical trials for various malignancies, along with its role in HIV-positive individuals.

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Interleukin-7 (IL7) is encoded by the IL7 gene and secreted by stromal cells in the red marrow and thymus. IL7 binds to the IL7 receptor, a heterodimer consisting of IL7 receptor alpha and IL2 receptor gamma chain. IL7 stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into lymphoid progenitor cells. It also stimulates the proliferation of B-cells, T-cells and NK cells. Murine IL7 has approximately 61% and 88% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat IL7, and both proteins exhibit cross-species activity. IL7 as an immunotherapy agent has been examined in many human clinical trials for various malignancies and during HIV infection.

Interleukin-7 (IL7) is encoded by the IL7 gene and secreted by stromal cells in the red marrow and thymus. It binds to the IL7 receptor, a heterodimer consisting of an IL7 receptor alpha chain and an IL2 receptor gamma chain. IL7 stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into lymphoid progenitor cells and also stimulates the proliferation of B-cells, T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, IL7 as an immunotherapy agent has been examined in many human clinical trials for various malignancies including during HIV infection. Rat IL7 contains 129 amino acid residues and has three disulfide bonds. In addition, it has approximately 63% and 88% amino acid sequence identity with human and murine IL7 respectively.

Interleukin 8 (IL8) is encoded by the IL8 gene and produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. IL8 is also synthesized by endothelial cells, and then stored in vesicles. There are many receptors capable of binding to IL8; however, the receptors that have the greatest affinity are CXCR1 and CXCR2. As a member of the CXC chemokine family, IL8 is a player in the induction of chemotaxis in its target cells, like neutrophil granulocytes, basophils and T-cells. IL8 is often associated with inflammation and has been cited as a pro-inflammatory mediator in gingivitis and psoriasis.

Interleukin-8 (IL8) is encoded by the IL8 gene and produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. IL8 is synthesized by endothelial cells, which stock IL8 in their storage vesicles. There are many receptors capable of binding to IL8; however, the molecules with the highest affinity to IL8 are receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. As a member of the CXC chemokine family, one of the functions of IL8 is the induction of chemotaxis in its target cells, like neutrophil granulocytes, basophils, and T-cells. IL8 (72a.a.) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation compared to IL8 (77 a.a.). IL8 is often associated with inflammation, and has been cited as a pro-inflammatory mediator in gingivitis and psoriasis.

Interleukin-8 (IL8) is encoded by the IL8 gene and produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. There are many receptors capable of binding to IL8; however, the molecules with the highest affinity to IL8 are receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. As a member of the CXC chemokine family, one of the functions of IL8 is the induction of chemotaxis in its target cells, like neutrophil granulocytes, basophils and T-cells. IL8 (72a.a.) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, compared to IL8 (77 a.a.). IL8 is often associated with inflammation, and has been cited as a pro-inflammatory mediator in gingivitis and psoriasis.

Interleukin-8 (IL8) is encoded by the IL8 gene and produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. IL8 is also synthesized by endothelial cells, and then stored in vesicles. There are many receptors capable of binding to IL8; however, the receptors that have the greatest affinity are CXCR1 and CXCR2. As a member of the CXC chemokine family, IL8 is a player in the induction of chemotaxis in its target cells, like neutrophil granulocytes, basophils and T-cells. IL8 is often associated with inflammation and has been cited as a pro-inflammatory mediator in gingivitis and psoriasis.

Interleukin-8 (C-X-C motif chemokine 8) is coded by the interleukin 8 gene on chromosome 5 in Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), which is not only 94% identical to human IL8, but also structurally and functionally similar with human IL8. IL8 also provides a valuable resource for a model of inflammation in primates.

Interleukin-9 (IL9) is encoded by the IL9 gene and is produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells. IL9 was originally identified as a cytokine found in the conditioned medium of a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLVI) transformed T-cell line. IL9 functions through the IL-9 receptor, which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. IL9 can support the growth of IL-2 independent and IL4 independent helper T-cells. Human IL9 has approximately 56% amino acid sequence identity with murine IL9. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Interleukin-9 (IL9) is encoded by the IL9 gene and is produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells. IL9 was originally identified as a cytokine found in the conditioned medium of a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLVI) transformed T-cell line. IL9 functions through the IL-9 receptor, which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this pleiotropic cytokine to various biological processes. IL9 can support the growth of IL2 independent and IL4 independent helper T-cells. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.