Enzyme Substrates

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-glucosidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for α-mannosidase, which yields a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid, cyclohexylammonium salt is a chromogenic β-glucuronidase substrate, which yields a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

8-Hydroxyquinoline-β-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for β-D-galactosidase, yielding a brown precipitate upon cleavage.

8-Hydroxyquinoline-β-D-glucuronic acid is a substrate for detection of β-D-glucuronidase which yields a brown precipitate upon cleavage and is used for E. coli detection.

Adenine 9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside (ara-A) is a synthetically produced purine nucleoside that is used in cell signaling research. It has commonly been used in anti-viral research with hepadnaviridae and herpes simplex viruses. The nucleoside ara-A interferes with viral DNA synthesis, but only in its active phosphorylated form. Active ara-ATP inhibits synthesis by incorporating into viral DNA and preventing phosphodiester bridge formation.

The compound ara-A is a precursor of adenine 9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5’monophosphate (ara-AMP). In vivo rat experiments of ara-AMP have shown a higher solubility and affinity for some proteins, both of which facilitate ara-AMP movement. Isolated human hepatocytes have also been shown to specifically endocytose the albumin/ara-AMP conjugate.

BCIP is a white to off-white powder that is used as a substrate for visualization of alkaline phosphatase. The end product is insoluble and purple when used with nitroblue tetrazolium. This final product can be visually detected. BCIP is DMF soluble.

Bluo-Gal is used as an alternative to X-Gal, and produces a darker blue color. Bluo-Gal is hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase to produce a blue precipitate. This precipitate is insoluble in alcohol and xylenes, thus making it suitable for immunoblotting and immunocytochemical assays. Bacterial colonies containing active β-galactosidase produce blue colonies when grown on plates containing Bluo-Gal.

Coelenterazine is a luminophore found in aquatic organisms and is the substrate for many luciferase enzymes, including Renilla reniformis, Gaussia and aequorins. It is commonly used for bioluminescent calcium detection and the monitoring of reporter genes in BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer), ELISA and HTS methods as well as chemiluminescent detection of superoxide anions and peroxynitrite in cells or tissues.

Coelenterazine 400a is a derivative of coelenterazine and is a good substrate for Renilla reniformis luciferase (RLuc), but does not oxidize well with Gaussia (GLuc). It is the preferred substrate for BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer) since its emission maximum of 400nm has minimal interference with the GFP emission.

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See "Luciferin FAQ" in additional information)

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg2+ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.

Firefly Luciferin is identical to Beetle Luciferin. (See "Additional Information" for structures.)

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg2+ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays. ^®

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg²⁺ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.