Enzyme Substrates

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for β-D-Fucosidase which yields a yellow solution upon cleavage.

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic β-mannosidase substrate which yields a yellow solution upon cleavage.

4-Nitrophenyl-β-D- xylopyranoside is a chromogenic β-xylosidase substrate, yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.

Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside acts as a chromogenic substrate for β-Glucosidase. When cleaved, Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside produces a yellow solution, and its appearance can be measured spectrophotometically.

The study of β-Glucosidase is particularly important as this enzyme is necessary for cell wall degradation and is inherent in some fungi and bacterial pathogens.

Can be used as a substrate for carboxyl esterase, yielding a blue precipitate upon cleavage.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl octanoate; X-caprylate

Used as a chromogenic substrate for N-Acetyl-β-D-galactosaminidase, yielding a blue precipitate. It is also used to detect Candida albicans.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate.

X-α-D-Glucoside is a white to off-white microcrystalline powder that is used as a chromogenic substrate for α-D-glucosidase, which yields a blue precipitate. It is used for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus and species within Bacilli. It is also used in the isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii.

A chromogenic substrate for β-D-Cellobiosidase, yielding a blue precipitate.

X-β-D-Xyloside is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is used as a chromogenic substrate for β-D-xylosidase, yielding a blue precipitate when cleaved.

MagentaTM-butyrate

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside;
MagentaTM-β-D-GlcNAc

5-Fluoroorotic Acid (5-FOA) is widely used in the field of yeast molecular genetics. The toxicity of 5-FOA to yeast cells with a functioning URA3 gene which encodes orotidine-5′-P decarboxylase (OMP decarboxylase), makes it especially useful for the selection and identification of mutant yeast strains. 5-FOA is most often applied with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (URA3), although it has been used in other strains including Schizosaccharomyces pombe (URA4 and URA5), Candida albicans (URA3) and the bacterium E. coli (pyrF). The use of 5-FOA in the yeast 2-hybrid system allows for the construction of activation domain hybrid libraries to identify protein-protein interactions.