Chemokines

CCL21 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in high endothelial venules of lymph nodes, as well as tonsils, breast stromal cells, and a variety of other cells. Expression of CCL21 is inhibited by IFNG. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood lymphocytes and plays a major role in initiation and expansion of adaptive immune responses, as well as development of local lymphoid tissue. CCL21 is a ligand for CCR7, as well as CXCR3 and the virorecptor M3.

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CCL21 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. Murine CCL21 is encoded by two to three genes, depending on the strain, each product of which differs by a single amino acid and expression of these genes is regulated differentially. It is expressed in high endothelial venules of lymph nodes, as well as lung, spleen, tonsils, breast stromal cells, and a variety of other cells. Murine CCL21-Leu is expressed predominantly in the lung independent of an inducer. Expression of CCL21 is inhibited by IFNG. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood lymphocytes and plays a major role in initiation and expansion of adaptive immune responses, as well as development of local lymphoid tissue. CCL21 is a ligand for CCR7, as well as CXCR3 and the virorecptor M3.

CCL22 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in thymus tissue, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Expression of CCL22 is induced by IL4 and IL13 and inhibited by IL10. It is chemotactic for chronically activated T cells and plays a role in trafficking activated T cells. It also plays a role in migration and survival of cells expressing FOXP3 in HTLV1 infection. CCL22 is a ligand for CCR4.

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Murine CCL22 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in activated splenic B-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Expression of CCL22 is induced by IL4 and IL13 and inhibited by IL10. Increased expression of murine CCL22 has also been observed from bone marrow-derived mast cells after incubation with TNF-alpha or IgE. CCL22 is chemotactic for chronically activated T-cells and plays a role in trafficking activated T cells. It also plays a role in migration and survival of cells expressing FOXP3 in HTLV1 infection. CCL22 is a ligand for CCR4.

Rat CCL22 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in activated splenic B-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Expression of CCL22 is induced by IL4, IL13, and IFNG and inhibited by IL10. Increased expression CCL22 has also been observed after incubation of mast cells with TNF-alpha or IgE. CCL22 is chemotactic for chronically activated T-cells and plays a role in trafficking activated T cells. It also plays a role in migration and survival of cells expressing FOXP3. CCL22 is a ligand for CCR4.

CCL23 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and endometrial stromal cells. It is also expressed in monocytes after induction with IL1B and IFNG. CCL23 is chemotactic for monocytes and resting T cells and is a suppressor of LPP-CFC myeloid progenitor cells. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as the formyl peptide receptor FPR1.

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CCL24 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed by activated monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 is chemotactic for eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes and is a suppressor of HPP-CFC myeloid progenitor cells. It causes a transient rise in intracellular calcium levels in eosinophils and is implicated in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL24 is a ligand for CCR3.

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CCL24 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed by activated monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. Murine CCL24 is expressed in jejunum and spleen constitutively and is upregulated by allergen challenge and IL4 overexpression. CCL24 is chemotactic for resting T lymphocytes and eosinophils and is a suppressor of HPP-CFC myeloid progenitor cells. It causes a transient rise in intracellular calcium levels in eosinophils. CCL24 is a ligand for CCR3.

Rat CCL24 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed by activated monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 is expressed in jejunum and spleen constitutively and is upregulated by allergen challenge and IL4 overexpression. CCL24 is chemotactic for resting T lymphocytes and eosinophils and is a suppressor of HPP-CFC myeloid progenitor cells. It causes a transient rise in intracellular calcium levels in eosinophils and is involved in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL24 is a ligand for CCR3.

CCL25 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed primarily in thymus and small intestine tissue. CCL25 is chemotactic for thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as IgA antibody-secreting cells and is also a suppressor of myeloid progenitor cells. CCL25 is important for selective homing and retention of T cells in the small intestine instead of the colon and is possibly involved in T cell development. CCL25 is a ligand for CCR9 and ACKR4.

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CCL25 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed primarily by thymic dendritic cells and in small intestine tissue. CCL25 is chemotactic for thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as IgA antibody-secreting cells and is also a suppressor of myeloid progenitor cells. CCL25 is important for selective homing and retention of T-cells in the small intestine instead of the colon and is possibly involved in T-cell development. It also promotes migration of various types of cancer cells. CCL25 is a ligand for CCR9 and ACKR4.

CCL26 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues and expression is induced in vascular endothelial cells by IL4 and IL13. CCL26 is chemotactic for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils and is involved in activation of fibroblasts and eosinophils. CCL26 is a ligand for CCR3 and CX3CR1. It is also a natural antagonist for CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.

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CCL27 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. As a result of alternative splicing, there are two isoforms of CCL27, each containing a different signal sequence. One variant is expressed in the skin and the placenta and is secreted, while the other is expressed in the testes and brain and targeted to the nucleus to participate in intracrine signaling. This recombinant murine CCL27 is a mature form that lacks a secretion signal sequence or a nuclear targeting sequence. Expression of CCL27 is upregulated by TNF-alpha and IL1B. CCL27 is chemotactic for CLA(+) T-cells and plays a role in T-cell migration in the skin. The intracrine isoform may play a role in cell migration as well by inducing cytoskeletal relaxation. CCL27 is a ligand for CCR10.

CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites such as salivary glands and colon and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for eosinophils, resting T cells, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. It also plays a role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

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Murine CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites such as salivary glands and colon and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for resting T-cells, eosinophils, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. Tumor hypoxia causes HIF1α induced expression of CCL28 and subsequent migration of T-cells, promoting tumor tolerance to antigens and angiogenesis. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

Rat CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites, such as salivary glands and the colon, and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for resting T-cells, eosinophils, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. CCL28 displays antimicrobial activity in low-salt conditions against Candida albicans, gram-negative, and gram positive bacteria. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

CCL3 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by T-cells, B-cells, and various tumor cells lines and has been identified as a G0/G1 switch gene in these cells. CCL3 plays an important role in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the acute inflammatory state, an inhibitory role in hematopoiesis, and displays inhibitory activity against strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. CCL3 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR4, and the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5.

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Murine CCL3 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by T-cells, B-cells, and various tumor cells lines and has been identified as a G0/G1 switch gene in these cells. CCL3 plays an important role in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the acute inflammatory state, an inhibitory role in hematopoiesis, and displays inhibitory activity against strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. CCL3 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR4, and the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5. Activation of CCR5 through CCL3 activates a G-protein pathway through GNAI2 and a tyrosine phosphorylation through JAK2.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!