Antibiotics

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic that effectively inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell growth. Gentamicin's mode of action is to bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and interfere with protein synthesis.

It is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against gram-positive and gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients.

Hexadecylpyridinium bromide is a cationic surfactant capable of bactericidal activity and has been used for ion exchange. As a bactericidal agent, it reduces the surface tension between pathogenic membranes and their environments. This interaction disrupts membrane integrity and osmoregulation, leading to cell lysis.

Hexadecylpyridinium bromide has also been shown to quickly and efficiently remove metal ions from solutions. The compound removes cations from solution through a cation/surfactant complex which precipitates from an aqueous phase into an organic phase and can subsequently be extracted. Hexadecylpyridinium bromide is an effective ion exchange agent for extracting DNA and proteins.

Hygro99 is the purest form of Hygromycin B available. It is over 99% pure and should be used for the most sensitive applications and on the most sensitive cell lines. All impurities that might cause inhibition of resistant cell lines have been removed. In general, our Molecular Grade Hygromycin B (which is still ≥92 % pure and less expensive) will not adversely affect your cells and is suitable for most experiments.

Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is commonly used to study protein synthesis. Aside from its efficacy against bacteria, fungi, and higher eukaryotic cells, hygromycin B is also an antiviral agent inhibiting translation upon selectively entering cells made permeable due to viral infection. It works as a standard selection antibiotic in gene experiments, especially for selection of hygromycin resistance gene transformed cells.

The Hygromycin B EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile hygromycin B solution. The kit includes pre-weighed hygromycin B powder, a sterile filter and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H₂O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio hygromycin B and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media or any other appropriate use.

Imipenem is a carbapenem β-lactam antibiotic with a broad target spectrum. It has been shown to be effective against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Imipenem has also been shown to be effective against bacteria from the genus Burkholderia. Resistance to imipenem is conferred through the loss of the OprD porin protein.

Irgasan (triclosan) is a broad-spectrum antifungal and antibiotic. It is often used as a supplement to cell culture media in Pseudomonas and Yersinia isolation agars to prevent bacterial contamination. It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in ethanol and methanol.

Irgasan binds the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and forms a complex. Consequently, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) binds and prevents the enoyl-ACP complex from participating in the fatty acid synthesis cycle, suppressing bacterial cell growth.

Isoniazid is a prodrug derivative of nicotinic acid that is used as an antibiotic compound against Mycobactrium tuberculosis, M. bovis, and other mycobacteria. This prodrug is transformed by catalase-peroxidases, where its active form inhibits an enoyl-reductase (InhA). Inhibition of InhA compromises bacterial cell walls by preventing mycolic acid synthesis, disrupting fluid homeostasis and leading to cell death.

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as Mycoplasma species. Kanamycin is commonly used to select for bacteria that have been transformed with a kanamycin-resistant gene and plant tissues that have the NPT II (APH3) gene incorporated in them. Kanamycin is very soluble in aqueous solution and is typically used in concentrations of 50-100 µg/ml.

The Kanamycin Monosulfate EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile kanamycin monosulfate solution. The kit includes pre-weighed kanamycin monosulfate powder, a sterile filter and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H₂O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio kanamycin monosulfate and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or any number of uses.

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as Mycoplasma species. Kanamycin is commonly used to select for bacteria that have been transformed with a kanamycin-resistant gene and plant tissues that have the NPT II (APH3) gene incorporated in them. Kanamycin is very soluble in aqueous solution and is typically used in concentrations of 50-100 µg/ml.

Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is an optical S-(-) isomer of ofloxacin. In vitro susceptibility tests show a large degree of activity towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with moderate anaerobic activity.

Fluoroquinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis. These antibiotics prevent unwinding of double-stranded DNA by binding DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase. By preventing the formation of single-stranded DNA, fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial replication.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Lincomycin HCl is a lincosamide antibiotic targeting gram positive and anaerobic bacteria as well as protozoans. It is commonly used to combat Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria. Lincomycin HCl is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Marbofloxacin is a third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to target Pseudomonades and Staphylococci species. It also targets a variety of other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Meropenem is a carbapenem β-lactam antibiotic. It targets gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and displays high resistance to β-lactamase and kidney dehydropeptidase I activity. It is especially effective against bacteria responsible for causing meningitis and exhibits low toxicity when compared to similar antibiotics.

Methicillin is β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin family. It has a narrow-spectrum, primarily targeting gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It is often used to study susceptibility and resistance of bacteria to antimicrobials, especially methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin is inactivated by gastric acid.

Mezlocillin sodium is an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin family. It targets gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Micronomicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against gram-negative bacteria. It is freely soluble in water.

Minocycline HCl is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic. It has been shown to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, MMP-3, PARP, and the replication of HIV and SIV. It has also displayed anti-inflammatory and anti-collagenase activity. Minocycline HCl is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Mitomycin C is an antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus. It is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and a variety of cancer cells, including Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Mitomycin C has been used to produce mitotically inactivated feeder cells and has been shown to increase recombination during fruit fly meiosis. It is capable of killing mutant strains of Arabidopsis that are defective for recombination during meiosis.

Mitomycin C functions as a DNA crosslinking agent, inhibiting DNA synthesis.