Antibiotics

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces erythreus. It displays strong efficacy against gram-positive cocci and bacilli and some mycobacteria, mycoplasma, and spirochetes. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist that has been shown to inhibit respiratory glycoconjugate secretion in vitro. Erythromycin estolate is freely soluble in organic solvents.

Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is a macrolide antibiotic with a target spectrum similar to that of penicillin. It has shown high efficacy against Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Additionally, it has been used to study erythromycin-resistance bacteria, down-regulation of motilin receptors, and mutations on the omsA and firA genes. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is freely soluble in organic solvents.

Ethambutol is an antitubercular antibiotic effective against Mycobacterium species, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been used to study multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and in combination with other drugs to decrease the risk of developing additional multidrug resistant species.

Ethambutol DiHCl is a hydrochloride salt form of an ethylenediamine derivative that is used as an anti-mycobiotic. It has been used for studying multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to investigate effective antibiotic combinations for ethambutol DiHCl.

Ethionamide is a thioamide antibiotic. Primarily targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, ethionamide is useful against tuberculosis and leprosy. Although the mechanism is not well known, it is thought that ethionamide prevents synthesis of mycolic acids which are a required component of Mycobacterium cell walls. It is sparingly soluble.

Faropenem sodium is an ultra broad-spectrum β-lactam of the penem antibiotic class. It has been shown to be β-lactamase resistant and is especially effective against anaerobic bacteria responsible for oral infections, but targets a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Faropenem sodium is freely soluble in water.

Florfenicol, like chloramphenicol, is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an analog of thiamphenicol. It targets gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, especially those responsible for bovine respiratory infections. Florfenicol is soluble in water and lipid solvents.

Flucloxacillin sodium is a narrow-spectrum penicillin antibiotic similar to cloxacillin. Resistant to β-lactamases, it targets gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. It can causes cholestatic liver damage.

Flumequine is a first generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting gram-negative bacteria, especially those responsible for enteric infections in animals. It is freely soluble in alkali hydroxide solutions of dilute concentrations.

Fosfomycin sodium is a phosphoenolpyruvate analog antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces fradiae. It targets gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially E. faecalis and E. coli. Fosfomycin concentrates in the bladder and kidney, decreasing nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of anti-tumor agents containing platinum.

Furazolidone is a nitrofuran derivative antibiotic with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. It targets a wide variety of bacteria, including those responsible for gastrointestinal infections. It has also been used as a DNA cross-linking agent.

Furazolidone binds bacterial DNA, inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO). It induces cross-links leading to an increased rate of mutation or halted DNA replication.

Fusidic acid is a fusidane antibiotic compound that exerts potent bacteriostatic effects toward gram positive bacteria. It is commonly implemented with bactericidal antibiotics such as rifampicin. Fusidic acid is an inhibitor of protein synthesis by disrupting amino acid transfer from tRNA to ribosomes.

Fusidic acid inhibits a GTPase called elongation factor G or translocase. Impeding translocase activity hidners movement of tRNA and mRNA through ribosomes. While predominant effects are bacteriostatic, higher concentrations will result in bacterial death.

Fusidic acid sodium is a bacteriostatic steroid antibiotic targeting gram-positive bacteria, especially those responsible for skin infections. It has been shown to inhibit nitric oxide lysis of islet cells, cytokine production, neutrophils, and T cells. It is highly water soluble.

Fusidic acid sodium inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotes via suppression of elongation factor G.

G-418 sulfate, also known as geneticin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1. It is commonly used in plant and mammalian cell culture as a selectable marker. It can be used to select for cells transformed with an iNOS promoter construct or neomycin resistance gene.

G-418 functions by causing a chain of nonsense mutations during translation, ultimately resulting in inhibition of polypeptide synthesis and protein elongation. Resistance to G-418 is conferred through the nptll gene in plant cells and the neo gene in mammalian cells, which encode aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. For gene selection applications, a kill curve can be made to determine the minimum effective G418 concentration to kill non-resistant cells. G418 disulfate is freely soluble in water.

Gatifloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a significant degree of activity towards gram-negative bacteria and enhanced activity toward gram-positive bacteria. It is also potent in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium and many other anaerobic bacteria. Gatifloxacin has also exhibited strong bactericidal efficiency in penicillin resistant and sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus.

Fluoroquinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis. These antibiotics prevent unwinding of double-stranded DNA by binding DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase. By preventing the formation of single-stranded DNA, fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial replication.

Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against gram-negative and gram-positive species. In addition, gentamicin exhibits antimicrobial properties against species resistant to tetracycline, colistin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

The Gentamicin EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile gentamicin solution. The kit includes pre-weighed gentamicin powder, a sterile filter and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H₂O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio gentamicin and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or any number of uses.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic that effectively inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell growth. Gentamicin's mode of action is to bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and interfere with protein synthesis.

It is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against gram-positive and gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients.

Hexadecylpyridinium bromide is a cationic surfactant capable of bactericidal activity and has been used for ion exchange. As a bactericidal agent, it reduces the surface tension between pathogenic membranes and their environments. This interaction disrupts membrane integrity and osmoregulation, leading to cell lysis.

Hexadecylpyridinium bromide has also been shown to quickly and efficiently remove metal ions from solutions. The compound removes cations from solution through a cation/surfactant complex which precipitates from an aqueous phase into an organic phase and can subsequently be extracted. Hexadecylpyridinium bromide is an effective ion exchange agent for extracting DNA and proteins.

Hygro99 is the purest form of Hygromycin B available. It is over 99% pure and should be used for the most sensitive applications and on the most sensitive cell lines. All impurities that might cause inhibition of resistant cell lines have been removed. In general, our Molecular Grade Hygromycin B (which is still ≥92 % pure and less expensive) will not adversely affect your cells and is suitable for most experiments.